Crankshafts

Crankshafts

Briggs & Stratton Crankshafts - Genuine OEM Replacement Parts

Maintain peak engine performance with our authentic Briggs & Stratton crankshafts. Crafted to exact OEM specifications, these genuine crankshafts provide superior durability and balance, ensuring smooth operation for your outdoor power equipment.

Crankshafts by Briggs & Stratton - Genuine OEM Parts for Reliable Engine Performance

Our crankshafts deliver exceptional strength and precision, vital for converting piston motion into rotational power effectively. Designed to fit seamlessly with your Briggs & Stratton engine, these OEM crankshafts reduce wear and improve engine longevity.

  • Reliable Quality: Manufactured from high-grade materials for enhanced toughness and resistance to fatigue.
  • Precision Fit: Exact OEM specifications guarantee perfect compatibility with your engine model.
  • Enhanced Performance: Supports smooth crankshaft rotation, reducing vibrations and promoting efficient power transfer.

Why Choose Our Crankshafts? Shop with confidence knowing our genuine Briggs & Stratton crankshafts deliver unmatched quality, durability, and precision, ensuring your engine runs strong and lasts longer.

  • Product
  • Qty in Cart
  • Quantity
  • Price
  • Subtotal
  • BRIGGS & STRATTON CRANKSHAFT 825552 - Image 1

    825552 - Crankshaft - Briggs and Stratton - Genuine OEM Part

    BRIGGS & STRATTON

    $1,411.24
    $1,270.12
    Briggs And Stratton Crankshaft 825552 Discover the reliability of the original Briggs And Stratton Crankshaft SKU 825552, designed to ensure optimal performance for your equipment. Our store is your premier destination for authentic replacement parts,...
    $1,411.24
    $1,270.12
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $1,411.24
    $1,270.12
    Subtotal:
  • BRIGGS & STRATTON CRANKSHAFT 843445 - Image 1

    843445 Crankshaft - Briggs and Stratton - Genuine OEM Part

    BRIGGS & STRATTON

    $434.31
    $390.88
    Briggs and Stratton Crankshaft 843445 Discover the authenticity of the Briggs and Stratton Crankshaft (SKU: 843445) available in our store. We prioritize quality, ensuring you receive original parts that enhance your equipment's performance. Our...
    $434.31
    $390.88
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $434.31
    $390.88
    Subtotal:
  • BRIGGS & STRATTON CRANKSHAFT 590880 - Image 1

    590880 - Crankshaft - Briggs and Stratton - Genuine OEM Part

    BRIGGS & STRATTON

    $171.94
    $154.75
    Briggs And Stratton Crankshaft 590880 Discover unparalleled quality with the original Briggs And Stratton Crankshaft SKU 590880, designed for optimal performance and durability. Our store is your best destination for genuine replacement parts, ensuring...
    $171.94
    $154.75
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $171.94
    $154.75
    Subtotal:
  • BRIGGS & STRATTON CRANKSHAFT 794716 - Image 1

    794716 Crankshaft - Briggs and Stratton - Genuine OEM Part

    BRIGGS & STRATTON

    $247.32
    $222.59
    Briggs and Stratton Crankshaft 794716 Discover the reliable performance of the Briggs and Stratton Crankshaft (SKU: 794716), a genuine part designed to ensure optimal functionality of your equipment. Our store guarantees the best price for this original...
    $247.32
    $222.59
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $247.32
    $222.59
    Subtotal:
  • BRIGGS & STRATTON CRANKSHAFT 794720 - Image 1

    794720 Crankshaft - Briggs and Stratton - Genuine OEM Part

    BRIGGS & STRATTON

    $247.32
    $222.59
    Briggs and Stratton Crankshaft 794720 The Briggs and Stratton Crankshaft (SKU: 794720) is a precise replacement part designed to maintain the optimal performance of your outdoor equipment. Our store offers this original component, ensuring you receive...
    $247.32
    $222.59
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $247.32
    $222.59
    Subtotal:
  • BRIGGS & STRATTON CRANKSHAFT 557137 - Image 1

    557137 Crankshaft - Briggs and Stratton - Genuine OEM Part

    BRIGGS & STRATTON

    $129.31
    $116.38
    Briggs and Stratton Crankshaft 557137 Discover the original Briggs and Stratton Crankshaft (SKU: 557137), expertly crafted for durability and performance. We pride ourselves on providing authentic replacement parts to keep your equipment running...
    $129.31
    $116.38
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $129.31
    $116.38
    Subtotal:
  • BRIGGS & STRATTON COVER-CRANKCASE 791412 - Image 1

    791412 - Cover-Crankcase - Briggs and Stratton - Genuine OEM Part

    BRIGGS & STRATTON

    $190.02
    $171.02
    Briggs And Stratton Cover-Crankcase 791412 Ensure the longevity and performance of your outdoor equipment with the original Briggs And Stratton Cover-Crankcase . Our store provides authentic parts, guaranteeing you the highest quality and reliability...
    $190.02
    $171.02
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $190.02
    $171.02
    Subtotal:
  • BRIGGS & STRATTON CRANKSHAFT 590807 - Image 1

    590807 - Crankshaft - Briggs and Stratton - Genuine OEM Part

    BRIGGS & STRATTON

    $162.88
    $146.59
    Briggs And Stratton Crankshaft 590807 Discover the reliability of the original Briggs And Stratton Crankshaft , SKU 590807, designed with precision to ensure optimal performance. Our store is your ideal source for authentic parts, backed by excellent...
    $162.88
    $146.59
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $162.88
    $146.59
    Subtotal:
  • 791421 Crankshaft - Briggs and Stratton - Genuine OEM Part

    791421 Crankshaft - Briggs and Stratton - Genuine OEM Part

    BRIGGS & STRATTON

    $132.48
    $119.23
    Original Briggs and Stratton Crankshaft 791421 OEMDiscover the reliability of the Genuine Briggs and Stratton Crankshaft 791421 at our store, your trusted source for original replacement parts. With our commitment to quality, you can ensure optimal...
    $132.48
    $119.23
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $132.48
    $119.23
    Subtotal:
  • BRIGGS & STRATTON CRANKSHAFT 595729 - Image 1

    595729 - Crankshaft - Briggs and Stratton - Genuine OEM Part

    BRIGGS & STRATTON

    $343.89
    $309.50
    Briggs And Stratton Crankshaft 595729 Discover top-tier quality with the original Briggs And Stratton Crankshaft SKU 595729, designed to ensure your equipment runs smoothly and efficiently. Our store guarantees authentic parts, sourced directly from...
    $343.89
    $309.50
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $343.89
    $309.50
    Subtotal:
  • BRIGGS & STRATTON CRANKSHAFT 595625 - Image 1

    595625 - Crankshaft - Briggs and Stratton - Genuine OEM Part

    BRIGGS & STRATTON

    $76.68
    $69.01
    Briggs And Stratton Crankshaft 595625 Upgrade your equipment with the original Briggs And Stratton Crankshaft , SKU 595625. Our store guarantees authenticity, ensuring you receive a high-quality component designed for optimal performance. With...
    $76.68
    $69.01
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $76.68
    $69.01
    Subtotal:
  • BRIGGS & STRATTON CRANK SHAFT ASSY 700817 - Image 1

    700817 - Crank Shaft Assy - Briggs and Stratton - Genuine OEM Part

    BRIGGS & STRATTON

    $50.74
    $45.67
    Briggs And Stratton Crank Shaft Assy 700817 Discover the superior quality of the Briggs And Stratton Crank Shaft Assy from our store, your leading source for original replacement parts. Our commitment to genuine products ensures optimal performance and...
    $50.74
    $45.67
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $50.74
    $45.67
    Subtotal:
  • BRIGGS & STRATTON CRANKSHAFT 594138 - Image 1

    594138 Crankshaft - Briggs and Stratton - Genuine OEM Part

    BRIGGS & STRATTON

    $62.02
    $55.82
    Briggs and Stratton Crankshaft 594138 Discover unparalleled quality with the original Briggs and Stratton Crankshaft (SKU: 594138) available at our store. As an authorized retailer, we guarantee the authenticity of every part, ensuring optimal...
    $62.02
    $55.82
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $62.02
    $55.82
    Subtotal:
  • BRIGGS & STRATTON COVER-CRANKCASE 593083 - Image 1

    593083 - Cover-Crankcase - Briggs and Stratton - Genuine OEM Part

    BRIGGS & STRATTON

    $171.91
    $154.72
    Briggs And Stratton Cover-Crankcase 593083 Discover the reliability of the Briggs And Stratton Cover-Crankcase SKU 593083, crafted for durability and precision. Our store is committed to providing original parts, ensuring your equipment runs smoothly...
    $171.91
    $154.72
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $171.91
    $154.72
    Subtotal:
  • BRIGGS & STRATTON CRANKSHAFT 842551 - Image 1

    842551 Crankshaft - Briggs and Stratton - Genuine OEM Part

    BRIGGS & STRATTON

    $438.56
    $394.70
    Briggs and Stratton Crankshaft 842551 Discover the reliability of the original Briggs and Stratton Crankshaft, SKU 842551, tailored to meet your performance needs. Our store is committed to providing authentic replacement parts, ensuring you receive the...
    $438.56
    $394.70
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $438.56
    $394.70
    Subtotal:
  • BRIGGS & STRATTON CRANKSHAFT 790137 - Image 1

    790137 Crankshaft - Briggs and Stratton - Genuine OEM Part

    BRIGGS & STRATTON

    $325.74
    $293.17
    Briggs and Stratton Crankshaft 790137 Experience reliability with the original Briggs and Stratton Crankshaft, SKU 790137, designed for optimal performance and durability. Our store ensures you receive authentic parts that meet high-quality standards,...
    $325.74
    $293.17
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $325.74
    $293.17
    Subtotal:
  • BRIGGS & STRATTON CRANKSHAFT 809841 - Image 1

    809841 - Crankshaft - Briggs and Stratton - Genuine OEM Part

    BRIGGS & STRATTON

    $367.97
    $331.17
    Briggs And Stratton Crankshaft 809841 Discover the quality and reliability of the Briggs And Stratton Crankshaft, designed to meet rigorous standards for performance and durability. Our store offers this original replacement part, SKU 809841, ensuring...
    $367.97
    $331.17
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $367.97
    $331.17
    Subtotal:
  • Briggs And Stratton 809835 - Crankshaft (Briggs Oem Part)

    809835 - Crankshaft - Briggs and Stratton - Genuine OEM Part

    BRIGGS & STRATTON

    $392.09
    $352.88
    Briggs And Stratton Crankshaft 809835 Experience the reliability of the original Briggs And Stratton Crankshaft (Part #809835) for seamless performance. Our store stands out as the premier destination for genuine replacement parts, ensuring authenticity...
    $392.09
    $352.88
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $392.09
    $352.88
    Subtotal:
  • BRIGGS & STRATTON CRANKSHAFT 809808 - Image 1

    809808 - Crankshaft - Briggs and Stratton - Genuine OEM Part

    BRIGGS & STRATTON

    $367.97
    $331.17
    Authentic BRIGGS & STRATTON Genuine OEM Part Provides smooth rotational motion essential for engine operation Ensures optimal engine balance and power delivery Precision Parts for a Powerful Fix 809808 Crankshaft - Experience the Power of Genuine...
    $367.97
    $331.17
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $367.97
    $331.17
    Subtotal:
  • BRIGGS & STRATTON CRANKSHAFT 690535 - Image 1

    690535 - Crankshaft - Briggs and Stratton - Genuine OEM Part

    BRIGGS & STRATTON

    $479.19
    $431.27
    Briggs And Stratton Crankshaft 690535 Discover the original Briggs And Stratton Crankshaft SKU 690535, engineered for optimal performance and durability. Sourced directly from the trusted BRIGGS & STRATTON brand, our store guarantees quality and...
    $479.19
    $431.27
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $479.19
    $431.27
    Subtotal:
  • BRIGGS & STRATTON CRANKSHAFT 692169 - Image 1

    692169 - Crankshaft - Briggs and Stratton - Genuine OEM Part

    BRIGGS & STRATTON

    $446.38
    $401.74
    Briggs And Stratton Crankshaft 692169 Our store proudly offers the original Briggs and Stratton Crankshaft SKU 692169, ensuring you receive a high-quality replacement that perfectly fits your equipment. With a commitment to excellence, we provide this...
    $446.38
    $401.74
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $446.38
    $401.74
    Subtotal:
  • BRIGGS & STRATTON CRANKSHAFT 845027 - Image 1

    845027 - Crankshaft - Briggs and Stratton - Genuine OEM Part

    BRIGGS & STRATTON

    $428.29
    $385.46
    Briggs And Stratton Crankshaft 845027 When you choose our store for the Briggs And Stratton Crankshaft SKU 845027, you're guaranteed original parts that ensure optimal performance. Our commitment to quality, competitive pricing, and fast shipping sets...
    $428.29
    $385.46
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $428.29
    $385.46
    Subtotal:
  • BRIGGS & STRATTON CRANKSHAFT 808975 - Image 1

    808975 - Crankshaft - Briggs and Stratton - Genuine OEM Part

    BRIGGS & STRATTON

    $440.34
    $396.31
    Briggs And Stratton Crankshaft 808975 Discover the reliability of the Briggs And Stratton Crankshaft SKU 808975, designed to enhance the performance of your equipment with precision engineering. Our store provides original parts from trusted brands,...
    $440.34
    $396.31
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $440.34
    $396.31
    Subtotal:
  • BRIGGS & STRATTON CRANKSHAFT 593417 - Image 1

    593417 - Crankshaft - Briggs and Stratton - Genuine OEM Part

    BRIGGS & STRATTON

    $331.78
    $298.60
    Briggs And Stratton Crankshaft 593417 Discover the reliability of the Briggs And Stratton Crankshaft SKU 593417, crafted for optimum performance and durability. Our store guarantees the authenticity of original Briggs & Stratton parts at the best price...
    $331.78
    $298.60
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $331.78
    $298.60
    Subtotal:
  • BRIGGS & STRATTON CRANKSHAFT 498994 - Image 1

    498994 Crankshaft - Briggs and Stratton - Genuine OEM Part

    BRIGGS & STRATTON

    $283.52
    $255.17
    Briggs and Stratton Crankshaft 498994 Our store is your top choice for the original Briggs and Stratton Crankshaft (SKU: 498994), ensuring quality and reliability with every purchase. We pride ourselves on offering authentic parts at the best price...
    $283.52
    $255.17
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $283.52
    $255.17
    Subtotal:
  • BRIGGS & STRATTON CRANKSHAFT 593662 - Image 1

    593662 - Crankshaft - Briggs and Stratton - Genuine OEM Part

    BRIGGS & STRATTON

    $171.94
    $154.75
    Briggs And Stratton Crankshaft 593662 Discover the exceptional quality of the original Briggs And Stratton Crankshaft SKU: 593662, expertly crafted for optimal performance. We pride ourselves on providing genuine replacement parts, ensuring you get the...
    $171.94
    $154.75
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $171.94
    $154.75
    Subtotal:
  • BRIGGS & STRATTON CRANKSHAFT 794717 - Image 1

    794717 - Crankshaft - Briggs and Stratton - Genuine OEM Part

    BRIGGS & STRATTON

    $238.28
    $214.45
    Authentic BRIGGS & STRATTON replacement part ensuring perfect fit and durability Essential for converting piston movement into rotational power to drive your engine Maintains engine balance and smooth operation for extended equipment life Your Briggs...
    $238.28
    $214.45
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $238.28
    $214.45
    Subtotal:
  • BRIGGS & STRATTON COVER-CRANKCASE 844734 - Image 1

    844734 - Cover-Crankcase - Briggs and Stratton - Genuine OEM Part

    BRIGGS & STRATTON

    $211.41
    $190.27
    Briggs And Stratton Cover-Crankcase 844734 Discover the original Briggs And Stratton Cover-Crankcase SKU 844734 at our store, where quality and reliability are paramount. We pride ourselves on providing genuine parts that ensure optimal performance...
    $211.41
    $190.27
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $211.41
    $190.27
    Subtotal:
  • Briggs And Stratton 593916 - Crankshaft Assembly - Image 1

    593916 - Crankshaft Assembly - Briggs and Stratton - Genuine OEM Part

    BRIGGS & STRATTON

    $177.94
    $160.15
    Briggs And Stratton Crankshaft Assembly 593916 Discover the precision-engineered Briggs And Stratton Crankshaft Assembly (Part No. 593916), designed to ensure optimal performance for your outdoor equipment. Our store is your best option for acquiring...
    $177.94
    $160.15
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $177.94
    $160.15
    Subtotal:
  • BRIGGS & STRATTON CRANKSHAFT 795927 - Image 1

    795927 - Crankshaft - Briggs and Stratton - Genuine OEM Part

    BRIGGS & STRATTON

    $159.84
    $143.86
    Briggs And Stratton Crankshaft 795927 Discover the reliability of the original Briggs And Stratton Crankshaft (Part No. 795927) available at our store, where quality meets affordability. Our commitment to providing authentic parts ensures optimal...
    $159.84
    $143.86
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $159.84
    $143.86
    Subtotal:
  • BRIGGS & STRATTON CRANKSHAFT 798532 - Image 1

    798532 Crankshaft - Briggs and Stratton - Genuine OEM Part

    BRIGGS & STRATTON

    $174.93
    $157.44
    Briggs and Stratton Crankshaft 798532 Discover the genuine Briggs and Stratton Crankshaft (SKU: 798532), designed for optimal performance and durability. Our store is dedicated to providing original replacement parts, ensuring you receive reliable...
    $174.93
    $157.44
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $174.93
    $157.44
    Subtotal:
  • BRIGGS & STRATTON CRANKSHAFT 797074 - Image 1

    797074 - Crankshaft - Briggs and Stratton - Genuine OEM Part

    BRIGGS & STRATTON

    $162.88
    $146.59
    Briggs And Stratton Crankshaft 797074 Discover the reliability of our original Briggs And Stratton Crankshaft (Part #797074), designed to meet the highest standards of performance. Our store proudly offers genuine parts at the best prices, ensuring you...
    $162.88
    $146.59
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $162.88
    $146.59
    Subtotal:
  • BRIGGS & STRATTON CRANKSHAFT 796468 - Image 1

    796468 Crankshaft - Briggs and Stratton - Genuine OEM Part

    BRIGGS & STRATTON

    $244.30
    $219.87
    Briggs and Stratton Crankshaft 796468 Discover the superior quality of the Briggs and Stratton Crankshaft (SKU: 796468), designed to enhance performance and durability. Our store guarantees original parts, ensuring you receive the best fit and...
    $244.30
    $219.87
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $244.30
    $219.87
    Subtotal:
  • BRIGGS & STRATTON CRANKSHAFT 691455 - Image 1

    691455 Crankshaft - Briggs and Stratton - Genuine OEM Part

    BRIGGS & STRATTON

    $150.81
    $135.73
    Briggs and Stratton Crankshaft 691455 Discover the original Briggs and Stratton Crankshaft (SKU: 691455) at our store, your trusted source for authentic replacement parts. Designed to meet the highest standards, this crankshaft ensures optimal...
    $150.81
    $135.73
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $150.81
    $135.73
    Subtotal:
  • BRIGGS & STRATTON CRANKSHAFT 591414 - Image 1

    591414 Crankshaft - Briggs and Stratton - Genuine OEM Part

    BRIGGS & STRATTON

    $144.77
    $130.29
    Briggs and Stratton Crankshaft 591414 Discover the reliability of the original Briggs and Stratton Crankshaft, SKU 591414, designed specifically for optimal performance in your machines. Our store is your trusted source, ensuring you receive authentic...
    $144.77
    $130.29
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $144.77
    $130.29
    Subtotal:
  • BRIGGS & STRATTON CRANKSHAFT 797709 - Image 1

    797709 - Crankshaft - Briggs and Stratton - Genuine OEM Part

    BRIGGS & STRATTON

    $126.69
    $114.02
    Briggs And Stratton Crankshaft 797709 Discover the original Briggs And Stratton Crankshaft (Part No. 797709), engineered for optimal performance and reliability. Our store guarantees authenticity, providing you with the quality you expect from the...
    $126.69
    $114.02
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $126.69
    $114.02
    Subtotal:
  • BRIGGS & STRATTON CRANKSHAFT 796211 - Image 1

    796211 Crankshaft - Briggs and Stratton - Genuine OEM Part

    BRIGGS & STRATTON

    $140.94
    $126.85
    Briggs and Stratton Crankshaft 796211 Ensure the optimal performance of your outdoor equipment with the original Briggs and Stratton Crankshaft, SKU 796211. At our store, we pride ourselves on offering only authentic replacement parts from trusted...
    $140.94
    $126.85
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $140.94
    $126.85
    Subtotal:
  • BRIGGS & STRATTON CRANKSHAFT 495210 - Image 1

    495210 Crankshaft - Briggs and Stratton - Genuine OEM Part

    BRIGGS & STRATTON

    $129.67
    $116.70
    Briggs and Stratton Crankshaft 495210 Discover the reliability of the Briggs and Stratton Crankshaft (SKU: 495210), designed for optimal performance and durability. Our store is your top choice for authentic replacement parts, ensuring you receive a...
    $129.67
    $116.70
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $129.67
    $116.70
    Subtotal:
  • BRIGGS & STRATTON CRANKSHAFT 494136 - Image 1

    494136 Crankshaft - Briggs and Stratton - Genuine OEM Part

    BRIGGS & STRATTON

    $159.84
    $143.86
    Briggs and Stratton Crankshaft 494136 Discover the unparalleled quality of the Briggs and Stratton Crankshaft, SKU 494136, designed for optimal performance and durability. Our store guarantees that you receive original parts straight from BRIGGS &...
    $159.84
    $143.86
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $159.84
    $143.86
    Subtotal:
  • BRIGGS & STRATTON COVER-CRANKCASE 592294 - Image 1

    592294 - Cover-Crankcase - Briggs and Stratton - Genuine OEM Part

    BRIGGS & STRATTON

    $140.94
    $126.85
    Briggs And Stratton Cover-Crankcase 592294 Discover the reliability of the original Briggs And Stratton Cover-Crankcase , SKU 592294, designed to fit seamlessly with compatible engines. Our store guarantees top-quality parts that ensure optimal...
    $140.94
    $126.85
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $140.94
    $126.85
    Subtotal:
  • Total: items /

Adding your products to cart

Other Fuel System Parts

We'll take care of you

Availability

Buy Products In Stock with Fast Shipping.

Best Deal

Shop at unbeatable prices and find discounts and offers.

Customer Service

Call, email or chat with an Expert.

Security

100% Secure Checkout with several certificated payment methods.